Dataset statistics
| Number of variables | 12 |
|---|---|
| Number of observations | 205 |
| Missing cells | 0 |
| Missing cells (%) | 0.0% |
| Duplicate rows | 0 |
| Duplicate rows (%) | 0.0% |
| Total size in memory | 19.3 KiB |
| Average record size in memory | 96.6 B |
Variable types
| Categorical | 1 |
|---|---|
| Numeric | 11 |
name has a high cardinality: 147 distinct values | High cardinality |
wheelbase is highly correlated with carlength and 7 other fields | High correlation |
carlength is highly correlated with wheelbase and 8 other fields | High correlation |
carwidth is highly correlated with wheelbase and 8 other fields | High correlation |
curbweight is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
cylindernumber is highly correlated with curbweight and 5 other fields | High correlation |
enginesize is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
boreratio is highly correlated with wheelbase and 8 other fields | High correlation |
horsepower is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
citympg is highly correlated with carlength and 8 other fields | High correlation |
highwaympg is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
price is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
wheelbase is highly correlated with carlength and 5 other fields | High correlation |
carlength is highly correlated with wheelbase and 8 other fields | High correlation |
carwidth is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
curbweight is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
cylindernumber is highly correlated with carwidth and 4 other fields | High correlation |
enginesize is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
boreratio is highly correlated with carlength and 7 other fields | High correlation |
horsepower is highly correlated with carlength and 8 other fields | High correlation |
citympg is highly correlated with carlength and 7 other fields | High correlation |
highwaympg is highly correlated with wheelbase and 8 other fields | High correlation |
price is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
wheelbase is highly correlated with carlength and 3 other fields | High correlation |
carlength is highly correlated with wheelbase and 6 other fields | High correlation |
carwidth is highly correlated with wheelbase and 6 other fields | High correlation |
curbweight is highly correlated with wheelbase and 7 other fields | High correlation |
enginesize is highly correlated with carlength and 6 other fields | High correlation |
horsepower is highly correlated with curbweight and 4 other fields | High correlation |
citympg is highly correlated with carlength and 6 other fields | High correlation |
highwaympg is highly correlated with carlength and 6 other fields | High correlation |
price is highly correlated with wheelbase and 7 other fields | High correlation |
wheelbase is highly correlated with carlength and 9 other fields | High correlation |
carlength is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
carwidth is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
curbweight is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
cylindernumber is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
enginesize is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
boreratio is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
horsepower is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
citympg is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
highwaympg is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
price is highly correlated with wheelbase and 9 other fields | High correlation |
name is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
cylindernumber has 4 (2.0%) zeros | Zeros |
Reproduction
| Analysis started | 2022-09-02 00:03:08.965825 |
|---|---|
| Analysis finished | 2022-09-02 00:03:41.528629 |
| Duration | 32.56 seconds |
| Software version | pandas-profiling v3.2.0 |
| Download configuration | config.json |
| Distinct | 147 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 71.7% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
| toyota corona | 6 |
|---|---|
| toyota corolla | 6 |
| peugeot 504 | 6 |
| subaru dl | 4 |
| mitsubishi mirage g4 | 3 |
| Other values (142) |
Length
| Max length | 31 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 24 |
| Mean length | 14.14634146 |
| Min length | 6 |
Characters and Unicode
| Total characters | 2900 |
|---|---|
| Distinct characters | 46 |
| Distinct categories | 7 ? |
| Distinct scripts | 2 ? |
| Distinct blocks | 1 ? |
The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.
Unique
| Unique | 109 ? |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 53.2% |
Sample
| 1st row | alfa-romero giulia |
|---|---|
| 2nd row | alfa-romero stelvio |
| 3rd row | alfa-romero Quadrifoglio |
| 4th row | audi 100 ls |
| 5th row | audi 100ls |
Common Values
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| toyota corona | 6 | 2.9% |
| toyota corolla | 6 | 2.9% |
| peugeot 504 | 6 | 2.9% |
| subaru dl | 4 | 2.0% |
| mitsubishi mirage g4 | 3 | 1.5% |
| mazda 626 | 3 | 1.5% |
| toyota mark ii | 3 | 1.5% |
| mitsubishi outlander | 3 | 1.5% |
| mitsubishi g4 | 3 | 1.5% |
| honda civic | 3 | 1.5% |
| Other values (137) | 165 |
Length
Histogram of lengths of the category
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| toyota | 31 | 6.4% |
| nissan | 18 | 3.7% |
| mazda | 15 | 3.1% |
| mitsubishi | 13 | 2.7% |
| honda | 13 | 2.7% |
| corolla | 12 | 2.5% |
| subaru | 12 | 2.5% |
| peugeot | 11 | 2.3% |
| volvo | 11 | 2.3% |
| sw | 10 | 2.0% |
| Other values (167) | 342 |
Most occurring characters
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 285 | 9.8% | |
| a | 259 | 8.9% |
| o | 243 | 8.4% |
| t | 167 | 5.8% |
| e | 158 | 5.4% |
| s | 153 | 5.3% |
| i | 147 | 5.1% |
| l | 138 | 4.8% |
| r | 133 | 4.6% |
| c | 126 | 4.3% |
| Other values (36) | 1091 |
Most occurring categories
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| Lowercase Letter | 2384 | |
| Space Separator | 285 | 9.8% |
| Decimal Number | 179 | 6.2% |
| Close Punctuation | 13 | 0.4% |
| Dash Punctuation | 13 | 0.4% |
| Open Punctuation | 13 | 0.4% |
| Uppercase Letter | 13 | 0.4% |
Most frequent character per category
Lowercase Letter
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| a | 259 | 10.9% |
| o | 243 | 10.2% |
| t | 167 | 7.0% |
| e | 158 | 6.6% |
| s | 153 | 6.4% |
| i | 147 | 6.2% |
| l | 138 | 5.8% |
| r | 133 | 5.6% |
| c | 126 | 5.3% |
| u | 126 | 5.3% |
| Other values (15) | 734 |
Decimal Number
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 44 | |
| 4 | 37 | |
| 1 | 23 | |
| 2 | 21 | |
| 5 | 18 | |
| 9 | 12 | 6.7% |
| 6 | 12 | 6.7% |
| 3 | 10 | 5.6% |
| 7 | 2 | 1.1% |
Uppercase Letter
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| M | 4 | |
| D | 3 | |
| U | 1 | 7.7% |
| X | 1 | 7.7% |
| Q | 1 | 7.7% |
| V | 1 | 7.7% |
| C | 1 | 7.7% |
| N | 1 | 7.7% |
Space Separator
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 285 |
Close Punctuation
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| ) | 13 |
Dash Punctuation
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| - | 13 |
Open Punctuation
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| ( | 13 |
Most occurring scripts
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| Latin | 2397 | |
| Common | 503 | 17.3% |
Most frequent character per script
Latin
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| a | 259 | 10.8% |
| o | 243 | 10.1% |
| t | 167 | 7.0% |
| e | 158 | 6.6% |
| s | 153 | 6.4% |
| i | 147 | 6.1% |
| l | 138 | 5.8% |
| r | 133 | 5.5% |
| c | 126 | 5.3% |
| u | 126 | 5.3% |
| Other values (23) | 747 |
Common
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 285 | ||
| 0 | 44 | 8.7% |
| 4 | 37 | 7.4% |
| 1 | 23 | 4.6% |
| 2 | 21 | 4.2% |
| 5 | 18 | 3.6% |
| ) | 13 | 2.6% |
| - | 13 | 2.6% |
| ( | 13 | 2.6% |
| 9 | 12 | 2.4% |
| Other values (3) | 24 | 4.8% |
Most occurring blocks
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| ASCII | 2900 |
Most frequent character per block
ASCII
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 285 | 9.8% | |
| a | 259 | 8.9% |
| o | 243 | 8.4% |
| t | 167 | 5.8% |
| e | 158 | 5.4% |
| s | 153 | 5.3% |
| i | 147 | 5.1% |
| l | 138 | 4.8% |
| r | 133 | 4.6% |
| c | 126 | 4.3% |
| Other values (36) | 1091 |
| Distinct | 53 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 25.9% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 0.3544193984 |
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 1 |
| Zeros | 2 |
| Zeros (%) | 1.0% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 0.1871720117 |
| Q1 | 0.2303206997 |
| median | 0.3032069971 |
| Q3 | 0.4606413994 |
| 95-th percentile | 0.6822157434 |
| Maximum | 1 |
| Range | 1 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0.2303206997 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 0.1755619733 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.4953509151 |
| Kurtosis | 1.017038946 |
| Mean | 0.3544193984 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0.07871720117 |
| Skewness | 1.050213776 |
| Sum | 72.65597668 |
| Variance | 0.03082200648 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0.2303206997 | 21 | 10.2% |
| 0.2069970845 | 20 | 9.8% |
| 0.2653061224 | 13 | 6.3% |
| 0.2886297376 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.3119533528 | 7 | 3.4% |
| 0.3440233236 | 7 | 3.4% |
| 0.5160349854 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.4023323615 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.6209912536 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.3556851312 | 6 | 2.9% |
| Other values (43) | 105 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.05247813411 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.0583090379 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.08454810496 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.1370262391 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.1865889213 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.1895043732 | 5 | 2.4% |
| 0.195335277 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.2069970845 | 20 | |
| 0.2244897959 | 1 | 0.5% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.8454810496 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.804664723 | 4 | |
| 0.7696793003 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.7405247813 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.6822157434 | 3 | |
| 0.6559766764 | 5 | |
| 0.6239067055 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.6209912536 | 6 | |
| 0.5860058309 | 1 | 0.5% |
| Distinct | 75 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 36.6% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 0.4917801238 |
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 1 |
| Zeros | 1 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.5% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 0.2394029851 |
| Q1 | 0.376119403 |
| median | 0.4791044776 |
| Q3 | 0.6268656716 |
| 95-th percentile | 0.8247761194 |
| Maximum | 1 |
| Range | 1 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0.2507462687 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 0.1841386347 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.3744328529 |
| Kurtosis | -0.08289485345 |
| Mean | 0.4917801238 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0.1029850746 |
| Skewness | 0.1559537713 |
| Sum | 100.8149254 |
| Variance | 0.0339070368 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0.2417910448 | 15 | 7.3% |
| 0.7119402985 | 11 | 5.4% |
| 0.4567164179 | 7 | 3.4% |
| 0.6805970149 | 7 | 3.4% |
| 0.376119403 | 7 | 3.4% |
| 0.3611940299 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.547761194 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.523880597 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.6791044776 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.4611940299 | 5 | 2.4% |
| Other values (65) | 129 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.05223880597 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.1328358209 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.2208955224 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.2358208955 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.2388059701 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.2417910448 | 15 | |
| 0.2507462687 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.2626865672 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.2641791045 | 1 | 0.5% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.9179104478 | 2 | |
| 0.8731343284 | 2 | |
| 0.8671641791 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.8626865672 | 4 | |
| 0.8343283582 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.7865671642 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.7701492537 | 3 | |
| 0.7552238806 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.7432835821 | 2 |
| Distinct | 44 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 21.5% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 0.4673170732 |
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 1 |
| Zeros | 1 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.5% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 0.275 |
| Q1 | 0.3166666667 |
| median | 0.4333333333 |
| Q3 | 0.55 |
| 95-th percentile | 0.8466666667 |
| Maximum | 1 |
| Range | 1 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0.2333333333 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 0.1787669877 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.3825389612 |
| Kurtosis | 0.7027642441 |
| Mean | 0.4673170732 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0.1166666667 |
| Skewness | 0.9040034988 |
| Sum | 95.8 |
| Variance | 0.0319576359 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=44)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0.2916666667 | 24 | 11.7% |
| 0.5166666667 | 23 | 11.2% |
| 0.425 | 15 | 7.3% |
| 0.275 | 11 | 5.4% |
| 0.3416666667 | 10 | 4.9% |
| 0.675 | 10 | 4.9% |
| 0.3083333333 | 9 | 4.4% |
| 0.4333333333 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.4083333333 | 7 | 3.4% |
| 0.325 | 6 | 2.9% |
| Other values (34) | 82 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.125 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.1833333333 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.2583333333 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.275 | 11 | |
| 0.2916666667 | 24 | |
| 0.3 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.3083333333 | 9 | 4.4% |
| 0.3166666667 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.325 | 6 | 2.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.975 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.95 | 3 | |
| 0.925 | 3 | |
| 0.8833333333 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.8583333333 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.85 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.8333333333 | 3 | |
| 0.775 | 2 | |
| 0.7166666667 | 4 |
| Distinct | 171 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 83.4% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 0.4141062272 |
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 1 |
| Zeros | 1 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.5% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 0.1602017067 |
| Q1 | 0.2548487199 |
| median | 0.359193173 |
| Q3 | 0.56128782 |
| 95-th percentile | 0.781613654 |
| Maximum | 1 |
| Range | 1 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0.3064391001 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 0.2019705987 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.4877265433 |
| Kurtosis | -0.0428537661 |
| Mean | 0.4141062272 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0.1497284717 |
| Skewness | 0.6813981891 |
| Sum | 84.89177657 |
| Variance | 0.04079212275 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0.3479441427 | 4 | 2.0% |
| 0.1667959659 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.3052754073 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.1943366951 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.3576415826 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.2726920093 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.406128782 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.2079131109 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.359193173 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 1 | 2 | 1.0% |
| Other values (161) | 180 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 1 | |
| 0.08727695888 | 1 | |
| 0.128394104 | 1 | |
| 0.1353762607 | 1 | |
| 0.1497284717 | 2 | |
| 0.1505042669 | 2 | |
| 0.1555469356 | 1 | |
| 0.1559348332 | 1 | |
| 0.1598138092 | 1 | |
| 0.1617532971 | 1 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 0.955003879 | 1 | |
| 0.9356089992 | 1 | |
| 0.8851823119 | 1 | |
| 0.87742436 | 1 | |
| 0.873545384 | 1 | |
| 0.8638479441 | 1 | |
| 0.8522110163 | 1 | |
| 0.7862684251 | 1 | |
| 0.7823894492 | 1 |
| Distinct | 7 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 3.4% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 0.2380487805 |
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 1 |
| Zeros | 4 |
| Zeros (%) | 2.0% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 0.2 |
| Q1 | 0.2 |
| median | 0.2 |
| Q3 | 0.2 |
| 95-th percentile | 0.4 |
| Maximum | 1 |
| Range | 1 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 0.1080853764 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.4540471754 |
| Kurtosis | 13.71486634 |
| Mean | 0.2380487805 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0 |
| Skewness | 2.817459025 |
| Sum | 48.8 |
| Variance | 0.01168244859 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=7)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0.2 | 159 | |
| 0.4 | 24 | 11.7% |
| 0.3 | 11 | 5.4% |
| 0.6 | 5 | 2.4% |
| 0 | 4 | 2.0% |
| 0.1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 4 | 2.0% |
| 0.1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.2 | 159 | |
| 0.3 | 11 | 5.4% |
| 0.4 | 24 | 11.7% |
| 0.6 | 5 | 2.4% |
| 1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.6 | 5 | 2.4% |
| 0.4 | 24 | 11.7% |
| 0.3 | 11 | 5.4% |
| 0.2 | 159 | |
| 0.1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0 | 4 | 2.0% |
| Distinct | 44 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 21.5% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 0.2487068569 |
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 1 |
| Zeros | 1 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.5% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 0.1094339623 |
| Q1 | 0.1358490566 |
| median | 0.2226415094 |
| Q3 | 0.3018867925 |
| 95-th percentile | 0.5290566038 |
| Maximum | 1 |
| Range | 1 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0.1660377358 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 0.1571422394 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.6318371812 |
| Kurtosis | 5.305682092 |
| Mean | 0.2487068569 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0.08679245283 |
| Skewness | 1.947655045 |
| Sum | 50.98490566 |
| Variance | 0.0246936834 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=44)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0.2301886792 | 15 | 7.3% |
| 0.1169811321 | 15 | 7.3% |
| 0.1358490566 | 14 | 6.8% |
| 0.1396226415 | 14 | 6.8% |
| 0.1773584906 | 13 | 6.3% |
| 0.1094339623 | 12 | 5.9% |
| 0.1849056604 | 12 | 5.9% |
| 0.1811320755 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.2226415094 | 7 | 3.4% |
| 0.3018867925 | 7 | 3.4% |
| Other values (34) | 88 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.03396226415 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.0679245283 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.07169811321 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.1094339623 | 12 | |
| 0.1132075472 | 5 | 2.4% |
| 0.1169811321 | 15 | |
| 0.1358490566 | 14 | |
| 0.1396226415 | 14 | |
| 0.158490566 | 1 | 0.5% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.9320754717 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.9169811321 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.7433962264 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.6528301887 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.558490566 | 3 | |
| 0.5358490566 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.5018867925 | 3 | |
| 0.4603773585 | 4 | |
| 0.4528301887 | 6 |
| Distinct | 38 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 18.5% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 0.5641114983 |
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 1 |
| Zeros | 1 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.5% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 0.3071428571 |
| Q1 | 0.4357142857 |
| median | 0.55 |
| Q3 | 0.7428571429 |
| 95-th percentile | 0.8857142857 |
| Maximum | 1 |
| Range | 1 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0.3071428571 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 0.1934597896 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.3429460137 |
| Kurtosis | -0.7850418332 |
| Mean | 0.5641114983 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0.1857142857 |
| Skewness | 0.0201564181 |
| Sum | 115.6428571 |
| Variance | 0.03742669019 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=38)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0.7714285714 | 23 | 11.2% |
| 0.4642857143 | 20 | 9.8% |
| 0.4357142857 | 15 | 7.3% |
| 0.35 | 12 | 5.9% |
| 0.3071428571 | 12 | 5.9% |
| 0.6571428571 | 9 | 4.4% |
| 0.55 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.6357142857 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.8857142857 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.5214285714 | 7 | 3.4% |
| Other values (28) | 83 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.2642857143 | 7 | |
| 0.2714285714 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.3071428571 | 12 | |
| 0.3214285714 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.3357142857 | 5 | |
| 0.35 | 12 | |
| 0.3642857143 | 6 | |
| 0.3857142857 | 1 | 0.5% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.9 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.8857142857 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.8714285714 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.8571428571 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.8285714286 | 5 | 2.4% |
| 0.7785714286 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.7714285714 | 23 | |
| 0.7642857143 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.7571428571 | 1 | 0.5% |
| Distinct | 59 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 28.8% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 0.2338211382 |
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 1 |
| Zeros | 1 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.5% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 0.05833333333 |
| Q1 | 0.09166666667 |
| median | 0.1958333333 |
| Q3 | 0.2833333333 |
| 95-th percentile | 0.5533333333 |
| Maximum | 1 |
| Range | 1 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0.1916666667 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 0.1647673617 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.7046726526 |
| Kurtosis | 2.68400616 |
| Mean | 0.2338211382 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0.1041666667 |
| Skewness | 1.405310154 |
| Sum | 47.93333333 |
| Variance | 0.02714828348 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0.08333333333 | 19 | 9.3% |
| 0.09166666667 | 11 | 5.4% |
| 0.0875 | 10 | 4.9% |
| 0.2833333333 | 9 | 4.4% |
| 0.2583333333 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.1958333333 | 7 | 3.4% |
| 0.275 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.4666666667 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.2208333333 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.05833333333 | 6 | 2.9% |
| Other values (49) | 117 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.01666666667 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.02916666667 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.03333333333 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.04166666667 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.05 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.05833333333 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.06666666667 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.08333333333 | 19 | |
| 0.0875 | 10 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.8916666667 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.6625 | 3 | |
| 0.6333333333 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.5666666667 | 2 | |
| 0.5583333333 | 3 | |
| 0.5333333333 | 2 | |
| 0.5291666667 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.475 | 2 | |
| 0.4708333333 | 2 |
| Distinct | 29 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 14.1% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 0.3394308943 |
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 1 |
| Zeros | 1 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.5% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 0.08333333333 |
| Q1 | 0.1666666667 |
| median | 0.3055555556 |
| Q3 | 0.4722222222 |
| 95-th percentile | 0.6666666667 |
| Maximum | 1 |
| Range | 1 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0.3055555556 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 0.181726157 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5353848459 |
| Kurtosis | 0.5786483405 |
| Mean | 0.3394308943 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0.1388888889 |
| Skewness | 0.6637040288 |
| Sum | 69.58333333 |
| Variance | 0.03302439615 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=29)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0.5 | 28 | |
| 0.1666666667 | 27 | |
| 0.3055555556 | 22 | |
| 0.3888888889 | 14 | 6.8% |
| 0.1111111111 | 13 | 6.3% |
| 0.3611111111 | 12 | 5.9% |
| 0.2777777778 | 12 | 5.9% |
| 0.2222222222 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.3333333333 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.4722222222 | 8 | 3.9% |
| Other values (19) | 53 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.02777777778 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.05555555556 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.08333333333 | 6 | 2.9% |
| 0.1111111111 | 13 | |
| 0.1388888889 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.1666666667 | 27 | |
| 0.1944444444 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.2222222222 | 8 | 3.9% |
| 0.25 | 4 | 2.0% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.9444444444 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.8888888889 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.6944444444 | 7 | |
| 0.6666666667 | 6 | |
| 0.6388888889 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.6111111111 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.5833333333 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.5555555556 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.5277777778 | 1 | 0.5% |
| Distinct | 30 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 14.6% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 0.3881899872 |
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 1 |
| Zeros | 2 |
| Zeros (%) | 1.0% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 0.1578947368 |
| Q1 | 0.2368421053 |
| median | 0.3684210526 |
| Q3 | 0.4736842105 |
| 95-th percentile | 0.7052631579 |
| Maximum | 1 |
| Range | 1 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0.2368421053 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 0.1812221877 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.4668389027 |
| Kurtosis | 0.4400703815 |
| Mean | 0.3881899872 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0.1315789474 |
| Skewness | 0.5399971879 |
| Sum | 79.57894737 |
| Variance | 0.0328414813 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=30)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0.2368421053 | 19 | 9.3% |
| 0.5789473684 | 17 | 8.3% |
| 0.2105263158 | 17 | 8.3% |
| 0.3684210526 | 16 | 7.8% |
| 0.4210526316 | 16 | 7.8% |
| 0.4736842105 | 14 | 6.8% |
| 0.5526315789 | 13 | 6.3% |
| 0.3157894737 | 13 | 6.3% |
| 0.3421052632 | 10 | 4.9% |
| 0.4473684211 | 9 | 4.4% |
| Other values (20) | 61 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 0 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.02631578947 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.05263157895 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.07894736842 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.1052631579 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.1578947368 | 8 | |
| 0.1842105263 | 7 | 3.4% |
| 0.2105263158 | 17 | |
| 0.2368421053 | 19 | |
| 0.2631578947 | 3 | 1.5% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.9736842105 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.8947368421 | 1 | 0.5% |
| 0.8157894737 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.7894736842 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.7105263158 | 4 | 2.0% |
| 0.6842105263 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.6578947368 | 3 | 1.5% |
| 0.6052631579 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 0.5789473684 | 17 |
| Distinct | 189 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 92.2% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 13276.71057 |
| Minimum | 5118 |
|---|---|
| Maximum | 45400 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Negative | 0 |
| Negative (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.7 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 5118 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 6197 |
| Q1 | 7788 |
| median | 10295 |
| Q3 | 16503 |
| 95-th percentile | 32472.4 |
| Maximum | 45400 |
| Range | 40282 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 8715 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 7988.852332 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.6017192504 |
| Kurtosis | 3.051647871 |
| Mean | 13276.71057 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 3306 |
| Skewness | 1.777678156 |
| Sum | 2721725.667 |
| Variance | 63821761.58 |
| Monotonicity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 8921 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 9279 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 7898 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 8916.5 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 7775 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 8845 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 7295 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 7609 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 6692 | 2 | 1.0% |
| 6229 | 2 | 1.0% |
| Other values (179) | 185 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 5118 | 1 | |
| 5151 | 1 | |
| 5195 | 1 | |
| 5348 | 1 | |
| 5389 | 1 | |
| 5399 | 1 | |
| 5499 | 1 | |
| 5572 | 2 | |
| 6095 | 1 | |
| 6189 | 1 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 45400 | 1 | |
| 41315 | 1 | |
| 40960 | 1 | |
| 37028 | 1 | |
| 36880 | 1 | |
| 36000 | 1 | |
| 35550 | 1 | |
| 35056 | 1 | |
| 34184 | 1 | |
| 34028 | 1 |
Spearman's ρ
The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.
Pearson's r
The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.
Kendall's τ
Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.
Phik (φk)
Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here. A simple visualization of nullity by column.
Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.
First rows
| name | wheelbase | carlength | carwidth | curbweight | cylindernumber | enginesize | boreratio | horsepower | citympg | highwaympg | price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | alfa-romero giulia | 0.058309 | 0.413433 | 0.316667 | 0.411171 | 0.2 | 0.260377 | 0.664286 | 0.262500 | 0.222222 | 0.289474 | 13495.000 |
| 1 | alfa-romero stelvio | 0.058309 | 0.413433 | 0.316667 | 0.411171 | 0.2 | 0.260377 | 0.664286 | 0.262500 | 0.222222 | 0.289474 | 16500.000 |
| 2 | alfa-romero Quadrifoglio | 0.230321 | 0.449254 | 0.433333 | 0.517843 | 0.4 | 0.343396 | 0.100000 | 0.441667 | 0.166667 | 0.263158 | 16500.000 |
| 3 | audi 100 ls | 0.384840 | 0.529851 | 0.491667 | 0.329325 | 0.2 | 0.181132 | 0.464286 | 0.225000 | 0.305556 | 0.368421 | 13950.000 |
| 4 | audi 100ls | 0.373178 | 0.529851 | 0.508333 | 0.518231 | 0.3 | 0.283019 | 0.464286 | 0.279167 | 0.138889 | 0.157895 | 17450.000 |
| 5 | audi fox | 0.384840 | 0.540299 | 0.500000 | 0.395268 | 0.3 | 0.283019 | 0.464286 | 0.258333 | 0.166667 | 0.236842 | 15250.000 |
| 6 | audi 100ls | 0.559767 | 0.770149 | 0.925000 | 0.525989 | 0.3 | 0.283019 | 0.464286 | 0.258333 | 0.166667 | 0.236842 | 17710.000 |
| 7 | audi 5000 | 0.559767 | 0.770149 | 0.925000 | 0.568658 | 0.3 | 0.283019 | 0.464286 | 0.258333 | 0.166667 | 0.236842 | 18920.000 |
| 8 | audi 4000 | 0.559767 | 0.770149 | 0.925000 | 0.619860 | 0.3 | 0.264151 | 0.421429 | 0.383333 | 0.111111 | 0.105263 | 23875.000 |
| 9 | audi 5000s (diesel) | 0.376093 | 0.553731 | 0.633333 | 0.607060 | 0.3 | 0.264151 | 0.421429 | 0.466667 | 0.083333 | 0.157895 | 17859.167 |
Last rows
| name | wheelbase | carlength | carwidth | curbweight | cylindernumber | enginesize | boreratio | horsepower | citympg | highwaympg | price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 195 | volvo 144ea | 0.516035 | 0.71194 | 0.575000 | 0.599690 | 0.2 | 0.301887 | 0.885714 | 0.275000 | 0.277778 | 0.315789 | 13415.0 |
| 196 | volvo 244dl | 0.516035 | 0.71194 | 0.575000 | 0.561288 | 0.2 | 0.301887 | 0.885714 | 0.275000 | 0.305556 | 0.315789 | 15985.0 |
| 197 | volvo 245 | 0.516035 | 0.71194 | 0.575000 | 0.602793 | 0.2 | 0.301887 | 0.885714 | 0.275000 | 0.305556 | 0.315789 | 16515.0 |
| 198 | volvo 264gl | 0.516035 | 0.71194 | 0.575000 | 0.603957 | 0.2 | 0.260377 | 0.771429 | 0.475000 | 0.111111 | 0.157895 | 18420.0 |
| 199 | volvo diesel | 0.516035 | 0.71194 | 0.575000 | 0.647401 | 0.2 | 0.260377 | 0.771429 | 0.475000 | 0.111111 | 0.157895 | 18950.0 |
| 200 | volvo 145e (sw) | 0.655977 | 0.71194 | 0.716667 | 0.567882 | 0.2 | 0.301887 | 0.885714 | 0.275000 | 0.277778 | 0.315789 | 16845.0 |
| 201 | volvo 144ea | 0.655977 | 0.71194 | 0.708333 | 0.605508 | 0.2 | 0.301887 | 0.885714 | 0.466667 | 0.166667 | 0.236842 | 19045.0 |
| 202 | volvo 244dl | 0.655977 | 0.71194 | 0.716667 | 0.591156 | 0.4 | 0.422642 | 0.742857 | 0.358333 | 0.138889 | 0.184211 | 21485.0 |
| 203 | volvo 246 | 0.655977 | 0.71194 | 0.716667 | 0.670675 | 0.4 | 0.316981 | 0.335714 | 0.241667 | 0.361111 | 0.289474 | 22470.0 |
| 204 | volvo 264gl | 0.655977 | 0.71194 | 0.716667 | 0.610551 | 0.2 | 0.301887 | 0.885714 | 0.275000 | 0.166667 | 0.236842 | 22625.0 |